Mosquitoes are the most common bloodsucking arthropods and important insect vectors of human disease affecting the course of human events and continue to do so. The world’s mosquito fauna include approximately 3500 species, but the main important species are Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex. Mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) hit across new regions worldwide as people and goods are moving around the planet at ever-increasing rates and speed. The rapid spread of highly aggressive pathogens along with the development of resistance in their vectors represents fairly overwhelming epidemics and a huge challenge in modern parasitology and tropical medicine. Coming out of MBD may perhaps involve simple overflow from enzootic, i.e., wildlife, cycles like that West Nile virus reaching into the Americas; secondary amplification in domesticated animals as those of Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Rift Valley fever viruses; and urbanization where humans suit the amplification hosts and peridomestic mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti, act as a go-between human-to-human transmission in case of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Chikungunya and Zika viruses are the newly arrived arboviruses in the Weste |
