A study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute hepatitis among
261 children (age range 1-11 years) living in Cairo, Egypt. A blood sample was obtained
from each subject when initially evaluated and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic
and risk factor data. Sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for acute hepatitis
A (anti—hepatitis A virus IgM), hepatitis B (anti—hepatitis B core antigen IgM and hepatitis
B surface antigen [1113sAgil, hepatitis C (total anti-HCV), delta hepatitis (total anti-delta),
and cytomegalovirus infection (anti-CMV IgM). In addition, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection
was diagnosed using a new Western blot technique to test patients with non-A,
non-B hepatitis for anti-HEV IgM. Among 261 children, acute hepatitis A was diagnosed
in 85 (32.6%) patients, acute hepatitis B in 19 (7.3%), delta hepatitis in 3 (1.1%), mixed
hepatitis A and B infection in 2 (0.8%), CMV infection in 1 (0.4%), hepatitis E in 58
(22.2%), and non-A, non-B hepatitis of unknown type in 51(19.5%). Forty-two (16.1%)
subjects had HBsAg without other markers of acute infection. Risk factor analysis indicated
that patients living in homes not connected to a municipal source of water were at increased
risk of hepatitis E infection. These data provide additional evidence that hepatitis E virus
is a common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children living in Egypt. |
