Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is the only chemokine which has been investigated in human epithelial cells triggered with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and suggested to be an early signal for the acute inflammatory response of this infection. Besides the a chemokine IL-8, we herein investigated the production of dynamic chemokines represented by CCL2 (monocyte- chemoattractant protein-1, CCR2 ligand), CCL4 (macrophage-inflammatory protein-lbeta, CCR5 ligand), CCL3 (macrophage-inflammatory protein-lcc, CCR1/5 ligand), CCL5, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES, CCR5 ligand) by INT407 cells stimulated with C jejuni using hninunohistochemistry modified for detection of intracellular proteins and RT-PCR to study de now synthesis of IL-8. Living bacteria induced increased levels of IL-8, CCL4 and CCL2 but not CCL3 or CCL5. Low levels of IL-8, CCL4 and CCL2 production were detected with filtrated supernatant compared to living and sonicated bacteria. A non-significant low level of chemokine production was noted when comparing levels produced by living C. jejuni to sonicated bacteria, indicating that the triggering factors involved in stimulation with living bacteria were still active after sonication, but they were largely lost upon filtration. The mRNA signals for IL-8 were noted in conformity with its protein levels as increased IL-8 mRNA signals were registered after stimulation with living and sonicated bacteria but not with filtrated supernatant. Thereby, preferential production of chemokines probably induced by membrane associate factors of C. jejuni acting on intestinal epithelial cells is presented. These chemokines are suggested to be part of an inflammatory network affecting cell types that contribute to initiation and/or resolution of the infection. |
