Respiratory muscle ultrasound is used to evaluate the anatomy and function of the respiratory muscle pump. It is a
safe, repeatable, accurate, and non-invasive bedside technique that can be successfully applied in different settings,
Mastery of this technique allows the intensivist to rapidly diagnose and assess respiratory muscle dysfunction in
critically ill patients either mechanically ventilated or non mechanically ventilated.This paper provides an overview of
the basic and advanced principles underlying ultrasonography of the diaphragm. We review different ultrasound
techniques useful for monitoring of the respiratory muscle pump and possible therapeutic consequences. Ideally,
respiratory muscle ultrasound is used in conjunction with other clinicolaboratory components of critical care to obtain a
comprehensive evaluation of the critically ill patient. Introduction:Over the last 25 years, numerous studies have
supported the advantage of ultrasonography (US) in the assessment of diaphragmatic function. Various
ultrasonographic methods, such as measurement of diaphragmatic excursions by two dimensional (BD)[1,2] or Mmode[3,4] and changes in diaphragm thickness during inspiration[5], have been proposed. In this review, we report the
role of diaphragmatic ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients versus non mechanically ventilated patients with
diaphragmatic dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit Aim of the Work This work aimed to illuminate the role of
diaphragmatic ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients versus non mechanically ventilated patients with
diaphragmatic dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit Methods: 100 Patients were allocated into two main groups:
Group I : Non mechanically ventilated patients
Group II : Mechanically ventilated patients
Each group was divided into three subgroups
Subgroup I : Respiratory failure patients
Subgroup II : Stroke patients
Subgroup III : Sepsis patients
Diaphragmatic ultrasound was done for all allocated patients and different parameters as diaphragmatic thickness
(DT), diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) and diaphragmatic excursion (DE) were measured on the first day of
admission and on the seventh day of admission. The results Evaluation of diaphragmatic thickness (DT)and
diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) : as percentage from the formula: (thickness at end inspiration– Thickness at
end-expiration)/Thickness at end Expiration * 100. and diaphragmatic excursion (DE) are easily obtained and
comparable parameters with clinical and laboratory parameters to evaluate either mechanically ventilated or non
mechanically ventilated critically ill patients Conclusion: Diaphragmatic ultrasound parameters are useful in
conjunction with other clinicolaboratory components of critical care to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the
critically ill patient.
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