Abstract
The coordinates of the control points are the foundation of the surveying, mapping, and geodetic works. The coordinates of the control stations are determined referred to a geodetic datum or coordinate system. The obtained geodetic latitude and longitude of a point are projected to produce map plane coordinates according to some adopted mapping system. Due to the projection process, the distances and the azimuths among the ground stations are distorted, i.e. the map projected and the corresponding geodetic values are not equal for the same line. The most of Total Station instruments use plan surveying rules and map distorted coordinates. The measurements and the coordinates are not matching each others. So, the user in the field is facing problem. The main objective of this paper is to explained this problem in details theoretically and based on field observations. Four solutions are suggested, two of them are solving the problem locally, where the user will avoid the problem in the field but the resulted coordinates will not be national. The other two solutions are complete solutions which change the way of using the Total Station by adding new software programs. The four proposals are explained and the results are tabulated.
|
