Energy drinks (EDs) are carbonated beverages containing caffeine, sugars, taurine, and herbal extracts. Their
consumption has markedly increased worldwide, particularly among younger populations despite growing
evidence of serious multisystem health risks. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects
of one of the popular EDs in Egypt at both low and high doses on the brain and pancreas of adult male albino
rats through biochemical and histopathological studies. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino Wistar
rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups (10 rats each). Group I served as the control group,
while groups II and III received Volt ED at doses of 3.1 mL/100 g/day and 6.3 mL/100 g/day, respectively,
administered orally by gavage for four weeks. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics
Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University. Serum glucose, brain neurotransmitters (GABA and
dopamine), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) in brain and pancreatic tissue homogenates were
measured. Histopathological examinations of both organs were also performed. Results: ED administration
significantly increased serum glucose and induced dose-dependent reductions in brain GABA and dopamine
concentrations. Oxidative stress was evident by elevated MDA and reduced catalase activity in brain and
pancreatic tissues. Histopathological findings revealed neuronal degeneration and hemorrhage in the brain, along
with pancreatic necrosis and fibrosis. Conclusion: ED overconsumption induces hyperglycemia, neurotransmitter
depletion, oxidative stress, and tissue damage in brain and pancreas, warranting caution regarding their
consumption.
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