Applying Benlate or Rizolex-T at the rate of 3 g/kg seeds gave the best results (90.0-96.7% survived seedlings; 3.3-6.7% rotted plants and 93.3% and 83.3% healthy mature plants). While, Rizolex-T and Vitavax-T used at rate of 2 Kg/feddan as soil treatments had no significant effect on disease incidence at seedling stage and produced the lowest significant effect at maturity stage (46.7% and 43.3% healthy mature plants, respectively. Meanwhile, under field conditions all tested seed, soil and seed/soil treatments were significantly effective in reducing charcoal rot disease incidence and increasing sesame seed yield production. However, the combined seed/soil treatments Rizolex-T + Amconil , Rizolex-T + Rizolex-T, Benlate + Vitavax-T and Benlate + Amconil gave the best results in this respect. Sesame entries responded differently throughout the different stages of disease development under greenhouse conditions. Whatever, the sesame entries (at maturity stage) that produce <50%; 50 to <60%; 60 to <70%; 70 to <80%; 80 to <90%; >90.0% survived seedlings (at seedling stage) or healthy mature plants were classified as highly susceptible "HS"; susceptible "S"; moderate susceptible "MS"; moderately resistant "MR"; resistant "R" and highly resistant "HR", respectively. Percentages of healthy mature plants were 3.3-40.0% in the HS entries (strain 806, strain 792, strain 779, strain 799, B11, strain 772, Giza 32, and Toushka 2) meanwhile it was increased to 80.0-83.3% in the R entries (strain 771, Toushka 3, Adnan 1(5/91), and Taka 2). At seedling stage, amounts of free and total phenols and reducing and total sugars, in general, were obviously higher in the HR and R than the S and HS sesame entries. Based on protein bands, the similarity between 15 sesame entries represented the above categories was discussed in light of their disease reactions. Under field conditions, Aceteru-M, Adnan 1 (5/91), Taka 2 and Mutation 48 were the most resistant while, strain 806 and Giza 32 were the most susceptible. Taka 2, Mutation 48 and Adnan 1 (5/91) produced the highest seed yield. Meanwhile, strain 806, B 11, strain 779, Giza 32, Tushka 1, Aceteru-M and strain 773, Taka 1 produced the lowest seed yield. The seed yield of Tushka 2 "S" was significantly higher than the "R" entries Shandaweel 3, Strain 787 and Aceteru-M. Shandaweel 3, Mutation 48 and Giza 32 at Tahrir locality and Taka 3 and Tushka 2 at Sids locality showed the lowest reduction in oil content due to charcoal rot infection (2.53-4.66%) while, the highest reduction was associated with strain 806 (10.93-11.79%).
Key words: Fungicides, Macrophominaphaseolina, sesame cvs, charcoal rot disease and protein bands. |
