Orthometric heights are important for various applications such as GIS, geomatics, engineering, and geoscience.
The ellipsoidal heights can be computed by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate,
rapid, and efficient method for height determination. The accurate geoid is essential to convert the
ellipsoidal heights from GNSS to orthometric heights. The research developed a new geoid called ‘‘KWFWGM202200
specifically for Kuwait. We used a composite global geopotential model from SPW R5 with
EGM2008 and the digital elevation model from SRTM1. The Wong and Gore modified with AiryHeiskanen
topographic-isotactic reduction were used to compute the geoid model. To assess the accuracy
of the KW-FWGM2022 geoid, GNSS/leveling stations were used and the assessment showed that the
model’s accuracy was better than 1.8 cm as a standard deviation. This demonstrates that the KWFWGM2022
geoid model is highly accurate and suitable for use in various GIS and Geomatics applications
in Kuwait.
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