Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end stage renal disease especially in developing countries. Reducing proteinuria is the mainstay of therapy in order to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Current therapeutic regimens provide only partial renoprotection, and a substantial number of patients who have proteinuria progress to end stage renal disease.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline, diltiazem versus rosuvastatin on development and progression of nephropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and possible mechanisms of action. Material and method: eighty adult albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups: the first and second (normal control and diabetic control) groups. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) model was set up in adult male albino rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocine (65mg/kg, I.P). The third, the fifth and the seventh group non-diabetic group rats received pentoxifylline (40mg/kg/day, orally) or diltiazem (10 mg/kg/day, I.P.) or rosuvastatin (10mg/kg/day, orally) respectively for eight weeks. The fourth, the sixth and the eighth groups; diabetic rats received pentoxifylline (40 mg/kg per day, orally) or diltiazem (10mg/kg per day, I.P.) or rosuvastatin (10mg/kg/day, orally), respectively, for eight weeks. The glomerular filtration rate, serum urea, creatinine, urine albumin, urine volume changes, Na+ excretion level, K+ excretion level renal blood flow, renal histopathology and measurement of antioxidant enzymes activity (GSH, superoxide dismutase) of the different groups were tested compared to control group.
Results: at the end of the eight weeks, use of pentoxifylline and rosusvastatin induced significant reduction of serum creatinine, urea and urine albumin. Also, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and antioxidant enzymes were significantly improved. There were no significant differences between the two drugs. While, diltiazem induced insignificant improvement of previous parameters.
Conclusion: use of pentoxifylline and rosuvastatin associated with a reduced risk of diabetic nephropathy by improving oxidative stress. Furthermore, diltiazem insignificantly ameliorate diabetic nephropathy.
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