Insemination efficiency depends on several genetic and non-genetic factors. This work was done to assess the impact of some non-genetic factors (age at 1st service (AFS), parity, days from calving to 1st service (DFS), number of services per conception (S/C), 305 milk yield (305-MY), and incidence of mastitis before 1st AI) on the pregnancy rate (PR) of Holstein Friesian cows with estimating the economic losses of 1st AI failure. Our study was carried out through field surveys on 3729 Holstein cows during the period between winter 2017 to summer 2022. The overall PR was 46%, it differed significantly among the parity, AFS, DFS, and S/C. The PR was significantly higher for cows at age ≤ 3 y, and for primiparous ones, and when AI was performed during the early stage of lactation (≤ 60 d), also the higher the number of S/C the higher the PR, but this adversely affects the farm profitability. Failure of the 1st AI resulted in extra costs of $168.39/extra one day of days open (DO) with $15.39 for an extra S/C. Finally, we recommend the owner to replace the old cows, with a regular cow supervision to inseminate cow |
