yueadu saratan althadaa thanaa 'akthar 'anwae alsaratan shuyuean faa alsayidat w lidhalik fan min 'ahami 'ahdaf tashkhis 'amrad althadaa hu alaiktishaf almubakir lil'awram alkhabithih w tamyizuha ean al'awram alhamidihi. w tuetabar 'ashieat althadaa (almamujrafaa) haa altariquh almuthlaa liltashkhis almubakir li'awram althadaa w laqad 'adkhalath aleadid min alduwal kamash 'iisheaeiin rutinaa likuli alsayidat faa fatrih siniah mueinuhu. wakama 'ana lilmamujrafaa dawran fan lilmawjat fawq alsawtih qiamuh ealamayh muhimuh rubama takun masawih liqimat almamujrafaa faa tashkhis 'amrad althadaa. w laqad 'ujriat hadhih aldirasah ealaa miayat sayidih tatarawah 'aemaruhuna bayn aleishrin w alkhamsat w sabeyin eaman w tibqan liltaqarir alhistubathulujih faqad wajad 'ana sitat w khamsyin minhuna yueanin min 'amrad hamidih baynama wujid eind al'arbaeih w al'arbaeyin alakharin 'uwraman khabithuhu. w qad khadaeat kula hadhih alhalat lilfahs altabaa alshaamil w alfahs bialmawjat fawq alsawtih w al'ashaeah (almamujrafia) kama 'akhadhat eayinat min kuli alhalat w 'ursilat lilfahs alkhalawii w albathulujaa w kadha albaktiryulujaa. w jadir bialdhikr 'ana muezam al'aerad al'aklinikih kanat tatamathal faa wujud tawarum 'aw kalakie bialthadaa w 'alam w klakie faa alghudad allimafawih faa mintaqat al'iibit w kadha shada dakhalaa lihalamat althadaa fadlan ean aizdiad samk jild althadaa w eadam tamathul althadyin sawa' faa alhajm 'aw faa tabieat takwirihima w kadhalik 'iifrazat alhulmih w aihmirar w sukhunat aljild almughataa lilthadaa. w qad 'azhar alfahs bialmawjat fawq alsawtih lieadad 56 maridih bi'amrad thadaa hamidih 'ana 76.8% min hadhih al'amrad kanat mutajanisah w dhat hudud wadihih wa'ana 41% minha kan yasmah bimurur alkathir min almawjat fawq alsawtih wa'ana 39.35% samah bimurur kuli almawjat fawq alsawtihi. 'amaa bialnasabih lilfahs bijihaz 'ashiea (Xlitaswir althadaa (almamujirafaa) linafs alhalat faqad 'awdah 'ana 67.6% minha kan dha hudud wadihih wadha kathafih munkhafidah faa 60.7 %. wabialnasabih lilhajm faqad kanat nisbat al'awram dhat alhajm almutawasit 46.4 % baynama kanat nisbat al'awram dhat alhajm alsaghir 33.9 % wabialnasabih lizahira "alhalahi" faqad zaharat faa 66%. w bialnasabih lilfahs bialmawjat fawq alsawtih lieadad 44 maridih bi'awram thadaa khabithih faqad 'awdah 'ana 86.4 % minha kanat dhat hudud ghayr wadihah wa'ana 93.1% minha kanat ghayr mutajanisih kama wujad faa 66% minha tadakhum faa alghudad allimafawih faa mintaqat al'iibit kama 'azharat almawjat fawq alsawtih altakalus faa 2.27 % min alhalati. 'amaa bialnasabih lilfahs bialmamujrafaa lil'awram alkhabithuh faqad 'azhar 'anaha tuzhar faa alsuwarih 'asghar hajman minh eind alfahs al'iiklinikii w wajad 'anaha ghayr muntazimat alshakl faa 77.3 % w dhat hudud mutashaeibih faa 66 % kama kanat muezam alhalat (95.5 %) dhat kathafih ealyhi. 'amaa altakalusat aldaqiquh w alrafieuh faqad zaharat faa 45 % min alhalat wabialnasabih lizahira "alhalahi" faqad wujidat faqat faa 13.6%. kama kanat alealamat althaanawih lil'awram alkhabithuh kalataa: ziadah faa samak aljild faa 52.2 % min alhalat w alshadu alkharijaa liljild faa 50 % w ziadat al'aweih aldamawih faa 43.2 % w 'akhiran kanat nisbat tadakhum alghudad allimafawih faa mintaqat al'iibit 63.5 %. w qad 'ajraa shaft lil'akyas almayiyh faa althadaa w kadha 'ahadha eaynah bi'iibrih rafieah mutasilah bisurinjih min al'awram alghayr mayiyh w kadhalik eaynih min alwaram baed jirahih aistisal alwarm w tama fahs jamie aleayinat khalawiana w bathulujia w kadha biktiryulujia. w min natayij hadha albahth yumkin aistikhlas alataa: almawjat fawq alsawtih dhat hasaasih ealyh jidana faa tashkhis al'akyas almawjudih bialthadaa w tamyizuha min al'amrad alsulbuh w kadha tastatie altamyiz bayn al'awram alhamidih w alkhabithuhi. kama 'ana laha dawran hamana faa tashkhis 'amrad althadaa faa alnisa' dhawat althadaa alkathif 'iisheaeia. kama tustakhdim almawjat fawq alsawtih kamurshid w dalil liakhudh eayinat min al'amrad alsulbih w shaft alsaayil min al'akyas almawjudih bialthadaa bial'iibar alkhasih bidhalika. 'amaa almamujrafaa faqad tabayan 'anah mufid jidana faa alaiktishaf almubakir lisaratan althadaa natijat hasasiatih faa 'iizhar altakalusat aldaqiqih w alrafieuh w alataa la taraa faa almawjat fawq alsawtihi. kama 'anah dhu hasaasih murhifih faa althadaa almudhan ealaa eaks althadaa ealaa alkathafihi. w yastatie almamujrafaa altamyiz bayn al'awram alhamidih w alkhabithih hayth 'ana alwaram dhu alhudud alwadihih w alshakl almuntazim yuetabar hamidan ealaa al'aghlab 'amaa al'awram dhat alhudud almutashaeibih w almusnanh w dhat al'ashkal alghayr muntazimuh fatuetaa shaka faa aihtimal sarataniat alwarim. watuetabar zahira "alhalhi" ealamah min alealamat alhamidih lil'uwram. 'amaa alsaratan aldaayraa almuhadad fatamyizuh ean al'awram alhamidih saeb jidana bialmawjat fawq alsawtih w qad yusaeid almamujrafaa faa tashkhisih w lakina altashkhis alnahayia w aldaqiq yakun bitahlil eaynih min alwarm. w mimaa sabaq nukhalis ala 'ana aishtirak w mutabaqat almawjat fawq alsawtih w almamujrafaa faa fahs 'amrad althadaa yazid min darajat aldiqh faa altashkhisi.
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Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women, and therefore one of the most important goals of diagnosing breast diseases is the early detection of malignant tumors and distinguishing them from benign tumors.
Mammography is considered the ideal method for early diagnosis of breast tumors, and many countries have introduced it as a routine radiation scan for all women at a certain age.
Just as mammography has a role, ultrasound has an important scientific value that may be equal to the value of mammography in diagnosing breast diseases.
This study was conducted on one hundred women between the ages of twenty and seventy-five years, and according to histopathological reports, it was found that fifty-six of them suffered from benign diseases, while the other forty-four had malignant tumors. All of these cases underwent a comprehensive medical examination, ultrasound examination, and mammography. Samples were also taken from all cases and sent for cytological, pathological, and bacteriological examination.
It is worth noting that most of the clinical symptoms were represented by the presence of swelling or lumps in the breast, pain and lumps in the lymph nodes in the armpit area, as well as internal tightening of the nipple, in addition to the increase in the thickness of the breast skin and the asymmetry of the breasts, whether in size or in the nature of their sphericality, as well as Nipple discharge, redness and warmth of the skin covering the breast.
Ultrasound examination of 56 patients with benign breast diseases showed that 76.8% of these diseases were homogeneous and had clear boundaries, that 41% of them allowed a lot of ultrasound waves to pass, and 39.35% allowed all ultrasound waves to pass through.
As for examination with an As for the “halo” phenomenon, it appeared in 66%.
As for the ultrasound examination of 44 patients with malignant breast tumors, it showed that 86.4% of them had unclear borders, and 93.1% of them were heterogeneous. Also, 66% of them found enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit area, and the ultrasound showed calcification in 2.27% of cases.
As for the mammographic examination of malignant tumors, it showed that they appear smaller in the image than on clinical examination, and they were found to be irregular in shape in 77.3% and with forked borders in 66%, and most cases (95.5%) were of high density. As for fine and thin calcifications, they appeared in 45% of the cases, and as for the “halo” phenomenon, they were found only in 13.6%. Secondary signs of malignant tumors were as follows: an increase in skin thickness in 52.2% of cases, external tightening of the skin in 50%, increased blood vessels in 43.2%, and finally the rate of enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit area was 63.5%.
He performed a suction of watery cysts in the breast, and also removed a sample from non-watery tumors using a thin needle connected to a syringe, as well as a sample from the tumor after the tumor removal surgery. All samples were examined cytologically, pathologically, and bacteriologically.
From the results of this research, the following can be concluded:
Ultrasound has very high sensitivity in diagnosing cysts in the breast and distinguishing them from solid diseases. It can also distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. It also plays an important role in diagnosing breast diseases in women with radiologically dense breasts. Ultrasound waves are also used as a guide for taking samples from solid diseases and suctioning fluid from cysts in the breast with special needles.
As for mammography, it has been shown to be very useful in early detection of breast cancer due to its sensitivity in showing fine and thin calcifications that are not visible on ultrasound. It is also more sensitive in oily breasts, unlike dense breasts. Mammography can distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, as a tumor with clear borders and a regular shape is most likely considered benign, while tumors with ramified and serrated borders and irregular shapes give rise to doubt about the possibility of the tumor being cancerous. The “halo” phenomenon is considered a benign sign of tumors.
As for specific circular cancer, it is very difficult to distinguish it from benign tumors using ultrasound, and mammography may help in diagnosing it, but the final and accurate diagnosis is by analyzing a sample of the tumor.
From the above, we conclude that the participation and matching of ultrasound and mammography in examining breast diseases increases the degree of accuracy in diagnosis.
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