Background
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin .Type I diabetes is caused by immune-mediated loss of pancreatic cells. Expression of interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) has been detected in islets from patients with type I diabetes, and these cytokines can cause beta cell death in vitro.
Aim
This study aims to draw the attention to interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) gene polymorphism in Egyptian children type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to elucidate the potential role of IL-1Ra gene polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to know if its protein level is affected by this polymorphism.
Patients and methods
This case control study included 100 children divided into two groups: group 1 (patient group) included 60 patients (males and females) with type I diabetes, group 2 (control group) included 40 healthy unrelated individuals of same age as controls. All patients incorporated in the study were subjected to careful complete history taking, full clinical examination, genotyping of VNTR of IL- 1Ra gene polymorphism and measurement of IL-1Ra by ELISA.
Results
A1A2 genotype and A2 allelle of IL-1Ra gene were significantly higher in patients than controls and were associated with increase in the risk of diabetes type1. Its median protein level was significantly higher in wild compared to mutant genotypes.
conclusion
There is a positive association between IL1-Ra (VNTR) polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus among Egyptian children. (A2) allele may play an important role in disease susceptibility and is associated with low protein level.
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