The study was conducted on soybean, sunflower and corn oil by-products which produced from different stages of refining oils (degumming by-product, Bleaching by-product, deodorizer distillate). Composition of those soybean, sunflower and corn oil by-products were determined. Phospholipids, were separated from degumming by-product, and commercial lecithin were identified by thin- layer chromatography. Fatty acid of phosphoilipids of soybean sunflower and corn oil were identified by Gas liquid chromatography also, hydrocarbons and sterols which were separated from unsaponifiable matter were determined. Phospholipids was evaluated as antioxidant in frying process. Unsaponifiable matter of bleaching by-product was determined and identified.
Unsaponifiable matter of deodorizer distillate, produced from soybean, sunflower and corn oil were determined. The fatty acid of soybean, sunflower, corn oil deodorizer distillate were determined. Total tocopherol was also determined in corn, soybean and sunflower deodorizer distillate.
The obtained results could be summerized as follows :
1- Chemical analysis of degumming by-product of corn, soybean, and sunflower oil show that, it contained 1.20, 1.22 and 0.82% unsoponifiable matter, respectively. Its free fatty acids was 18.20, 21.00 and 20.50%, respectively. Total phospholipids was 37.70, 65.00 and 46.66%, respectively and Neutral lipids was 42.00, 11.44 and 30.80%, respectively.
- Phospholipids were separated from degumming by-product of corn, soybean, and sunflower oil and it was identified. Soybean phospholipids contain, phosphatidylcholine (20.24%), phosphatidly ethanolamine (33.99%), phosphatidylinositol (17.16%) and phosphatidylserine (28.27%) while sunflower phospholipids contain, phosphatidylcholine (15.54%), phosphatidylethanol amine (29.41%), phosphalidylinositol (22.56%), and phosphatidylserine (32.35%). Corn phospholipids have phosphatidylcholine, (42.21%), phosphatidylethanolamine (28.83%), phosphatidyl-inositol (13.59%) and phosphatidyleserine (15.37%).
- Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) technique was used for determining fatty acids of corn, soybean, and sunflower phospholipids.
- Hydrocarbons and sterols were determined in unsaponifiable matter of degumming by-product of corn, soybean and sunflower, total hydrocarbons percentages were 35.15%, 29.43% and 46.08%, respectively. While, sterols percentages in unsaponifiable matter were 64.82, 70.57% and 53.92%, respectively.
- Lecithin native powder extraxted from corn, soybean and sunflower gums were used as antioxidant in heated sunflower oil at 180ºC 10ºC.
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