Effect of four vasicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi on controlling of Fusarium root-rot and wilt diseases incidence in pea, bean, lentil and lupine crops were studied in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, all mycorrhizae species i.e., Glojnus mosseae , G. macrocarpum, G. oustrale and G. fasciculatus were effective in reducing the incidence of root-rot disease caused by Fusarium solani and wilt disease caused by F. oxysporum either at infested or in natural soils. G. mosseae and G. fasciculatus showed the highest effects on reducing disease incidence. Phosphorus content was higher increased in plants inoculated with both G. fasciculatus and G. mosseae compared to the other treatments. VA mycorrhizae fungi inoculation significantly increased the plant dry weight and yield of different legume crops compared with non- mycorrhizal inoculation plants. In vitro, antifungal metabolites were extracted from the culture filtrates of the Glomus sp. grown in semi liquid medium and fractionated by polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results exhibited that, Glomus sp. was able to produce extracellular isozyme bands of chitinase and cellulose as well as phenols. Whereas, G. mosseae displayed superiority in chitiriae and cellulose isozyme bands as well as phenols production. G. fasciculatus and G. macrocarpum had the positive of cellulose as well as phenols production. Meanwhile, G. oustrale had low levels of cellulose isozyme bands. Legume plants inoculated with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatus resulted in metabolites production, diseases suppressed and plant development. |
