The research aims to identify the status quo of dairy production in Egypt in general and the Qalyubia governorate in particular to study all the factors and policies affecting the production of raw milk, as an attempt to put some recommendations that help the decision maker to increase its production. The production functions were estimated in linear and double logarithmic models, as well as the use of the stepwise regression and the policy analysis matrix (PAM) to study the impact of productive policies at the farm level in the sample.
The study found the following results:
- The increase in the number of different types of cattle each year, except the numbers of buffaloes have not been shown to increase significantly.
- The increase in the quantity of milk of different types annually except for the decrease in the quantity of goat milk, which did not prove its significance.
- Increased number of female milking cows and buffaloes annually in Egypt.
- The most important factors influencing the quantity of milk produced at the national level were the amount of feed and farm price of milk and loans of livestock.
- The most important factors affecting the production of cow's milk and buffalo at the farm level were the amount of concentrated feed, the amount of green fodder and the age of the animal.
- Feed costs topped the cost items to represent more than 70% in most productive categories.
- The total cost of the milking head below was in the third productivity category in both cattle and buffalo farms.
- The third productive category of both cattle and buffalo was the most efficient according to the economic and productivity efficiency measures.
- The value of wages of workers used in the milk production at local prices is higher than the value of wages calculated at global prices.
- Lower domestic prices for depreciation of machinery and buildings as fixed costs comparing with global prices.
- The State bears a small burden of supporting the production of raw milk (feed and veterinary drugs), which in turn increases the productivity of farms specialized in dairy production.
- The dairy producers in the sample have borne an implicit tax which is the difference between the economic value and the financial value of their milk production and the policies that are adopted for the producers of raw milk is not good for the price of product and production factors.
- This product was not sufficiently protected, indicating that the state either imposes direct or indirect taxes on the producers of raw milk or supports what is imported.
- There is a comparative advantage in the production of raw milk, where it is found that the production of raw milk locally is better than relying on imports.
- The most important problems were the high price of concentrated fodder and lack of good feed for the animal and the spread of diseases that lead to a lack of production with the absence of good drugs centers ranked the first and second.
The research also found the following proposals: working on provide concentrated feeds at appropriate prices with support and to activate the role of veterinary drugs to follow diseases before their spread, and to establish dairy collection centers in villages to limit the control of wholesalers and produce The good local breeds in the milk production, establishment of factories for the manufacture of livestock feeders with the tightening of control.
Which requires attention to the provision of feed of various kinds and follow the programs of genetic improvement to benefit from improved strains and determine the fair price of the product, and increase loans to producers and attention to small agricultural projects and support until the producer achieve the productive and economic efficiency and expansion of the establishment of large farms. |
