Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious picornaviral disease affecting domestic and wild cloven- hoofed animals.
1-Experiment (I):
In this experiment we study the effect of several factors like, species, the type of used vaccine, site of collecting samples and its level of biosecurity on efficiency of inactivated FMD vaccine for protection of animals against FMD in Egypt. By collecting serum samples from animals before vaccination, 21 and 40 days post vaccination from four governorates, examined by both methods ELISA & SNT and the results show that antibody titer increased significantly with age.
In this study the best type of vaccine which give the highest antibody titers are aftovaxpur vaccines MERIAL (pentavalent and hexavalent vaccine), followed by polyvalent oil adjuvant vaccine Abbassia and the least antibody titer obtained from triaphthovac vaccine MEVAC. This result confirmed by the occurrence of post vaccination infection as 3.17% for Aftovaxpur hexavalent vaccine MERIAL, 15.57 % Trivalent inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine “Abbassia” and 46.67% Tri-aphthovac vaccine MEVAC, while Aftovaxpur pentavalent vaccine MERIAL didn’t cause any infection .
2-Experiment (II):
In this experiment we study the effect of interval change of FMD vaccination from every (4 months) to (6 months) on degree of immunity of farm animals. By collecting serum samples from farm animals (4), (4.5) months post vaccination, examined by both method ELISA & SNT. From the results indicated that all titers after (4.5) months of vaccination are lower than titers after (4) months of vaccination as these results confirmed that the time interval between vaccination every (4) months is more protective than 6 months as the antibody titer is begin to decrease after (4) months till completely disappear after (6) months of vaccination.
3-Experiment (III):
Investigation of the prevalence of FMDV nonstructural protein 3ABC antibodies to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals by collecting 30 serum samples vaccinated by trivalent oil adjuvant vaccine (Abbassia) 10 days post vaccination, the samples tested by both SNT & ELISA to show its antibody titer, then followed by 3ABC FMDV´CHECK test , divided the animals into positive NSP and negative, the vaccinated animals should be negative one, the result documented that 56.67% were positive and 43.33% were negative.
4-Experiment (IV):
Show the results of mean antibody titer of both dams and their offspring’s before vaccination by trivalent oil adjuvant vaccine (Abbassia), 21 days and 40 days post vaccination by both methods SNT & ELISA. From the tables appear that FMDV specific antibodies appeared since the 1st week post vaccination in all samples reached the protection level in the 3rd week post vaccination and reached the higher protective level at 40 days post vaccination.
5-Experiment (V):
Detection and identification of the isolated FMDV by serotyping ELISA KITS "IZSLER Method" and confirmation by RT-PCR and sequencing of some of them .The results show that clinically infected cattle in Gharbia governorate samples infected by serotype (O).
Four clinical samples collected from clinically infected cattle and buffaloes in Kalyoubia governorate infected with serotype (O), confirmed by RT-PCR and generated the VP1 coding sequence of FMDV serotype which revealed that this isolate is (98%) resemble in nucleotides sequence to Foot-and-mouth disease virus O isolate o5india iso34, complete genome.
Nine clinical samples collected from clinically infected cattle and buffaloes in Menofia governorate, seven samples were positive to FMDV infection, which serotyped as: five samples were serotype (O) and two were (SAT-2), confirmed, typed by RT-PCR and sequenced which revealed that this isolate is (99%) resemble in nucleotides sequence to Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type SAT- 2 isolate Egy-Kal-18-2014 VP1 gene, partial cds.
Out of twenty three samples collected from clinically infected cattle and buffaloes in Giza governorate sixteen samples were positive to FMDV infection, which eight samples from them serotyped as SAT-2 and seven were serotype (O) and one was serotype (A), confirmed, typed by RT-PCR and sequenced which revealed that this (SAT-2) isolate is (94%) resemble in nucleotides sequence to Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type SAT 2 isolate EGY/7/2012 capsid protein gene, partial cds and the isolate (O) is resemble in nucleotides sequence by (95%) to Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O isolate O/3/Giza/EGY/2014 structural protein VP1 gene and the isolate (A) is resemble in nucleotides sequence by (99 %) to Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type A strain A/Cairo/EGY/2013 structural protein VP1 gene, partial cds.
Out of four clinical infected cattle unvaccinated samples collected from Sharquia governorate three were positive to FMDV infection, confirmed , typed by RT-PCR and sequenced which revealed that this isolate was serotype (A) and is resemble in nucleotides sequence by (97%) to Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type A isolate 4234 poly protein gene, partial cds and the second sample is serotype (O) also confirmed , typed by RT-PCR and sequenced which revealed that this isolate are resemble in nucleotides sequence by (96%) to Foot-and-mouth disease virus –type O isolate O/Sharquia/EGY/2014 structural protein VP1 gene and the third sample was serotype (O) is confirmed , typed by RT-PCR and sequenced, which revealed that this isolate is resemble in nucleotides sequence by (97%) to Foot-and-mouth disease virus - type O isolate O/Sharquia/EGY/2014 structural protein VP1 gene.
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