The mechanism by which an organ- ism can adapt to subtle environmental changes is predicated on modifications to biochemical pro- cesses within the cellular metabolism in response to such changes. Changes in these processes have the potential to induce alterations in cellular struc- tures and tissue organization, as well as establish a causal link between fluctuations in these parameters and stressors exposure. This investigation’s maingoal and innovation is to evaluate the environmen- tal stress indicators in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Qarun. Pesticide residues in freshwater fish should be the primary focus of evaluation of environmental stressor concentrations, since they serve as bioindica- tors at different times and places on a spatiotemporal scale. A thorough analysis of suggestive biochemi- cal biomarker reactions should also be conducted. The effects of environmental stressors, specifically pesticide contamination in Qarun Lake, have been observed and investigated in relation to two fish spe- cies: Solea aejabtiaca and Oreochronis niloticus. The results of a hazard assessment conducted at sixsampling sites using spatio-temporal data revealed elevated mean values for the pesticides, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorines, organo- phosphates, and pyrethroids that were detected. A multi biomarker approach facilitates a more compre- hensive understanding of stress responses induced by exposure to pollutants. As a result, the activities of the biochemical biomarkers CYP-450, GST, GSH, and LDH in the blood and liver of fish samples were found to be notably elevated. The suitability of the identified variables for biomonitoring of aquatic pol- lution was validated, and the data unveiled variations in sensitivity among species, implying that Nile tila- pia could potentially function as a bioindicator with high sensitivity. The findings were correlated with the concentrations of detrimental organochlorines, organ- ophosphorus, and pyrethroids in the muscles and gills. The data indicates that pollutants linked to agri- cultural wastes, runoff, and municipal effluent may be discharged into the lake ecosystem. Consequently, to safeguard the environment, it is essential to enforce and implement policies, acts, and regulations that already exist. Assessing the effects of additional envi- ronmental stressors on aquatic ecosystems is another way in which biomarker screening with an integrative approach improves our comprehension of how toxi- cants impact various levels of biological organization and is particularly useful in realistic environmental exposure scenarios. |
