Diabetic nephropathy has become a worldwide epidemic, accounting for approximately one third of all cases of end-stage renal disease. about 30-50% of patients with long-standing diabetes will long-standing diabetes will develop diabetic nephropathy.
Improved management of diabetes aimed at improving glycemic control, to avoid initiation of diabetic nephropathy, and antihypertensive treatment blocking the rennin-angiotensin system, to avoid its progression and need to be implemented, particularly in high-risk patients.
This study was designed to evaluate and compare the reno protective effects of clonidine and perindopril on rats with diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetic nephropathy was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) 100mg/Kg/Single I.P) administration. Diabetic nephropathy rats were randomly divided into one of 3 groups. Diabetic nephropathy group, clonidine (0.03 mg/kg/day) treated group and perindopril (1.5 mg/kg/day) treated group. Each given orally for 4 weeks staring 4 weeks after STZ injection. Systolic and mean arterial blood pressure (SBP & MBP), were measured by rat tail method. Renal blood flow (RBF) were estimated by flowmeter. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 24 hours urine albumin were measured by clorimetric methods. Renal tissue specimens were histopathologically examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining.
Both drugs significantly reduced SBP, MBP, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and urine albumin (mg/24hours). There was insignificant difference between hypotensive effects of clonidine and preindopril. Effects of preindopril on RBF, FBG and urine albumin were more significant than that of clonidine. Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney tissues showed improvement of nephropathy in the form of reduction of basement membrane, thickening and infiltration of the inflammatory cells.
From this study we can conclude that, both drugs significantly reduced blood pressure, urine albumin, FBG and RBF with superior effect of perindopril over clonidine.
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