Global overpopulation, industrial expansion,
and urbanization have generated massive amounts ofwastes. This is considered as a significant worldwide challenge
that requires an urgent solution. Additionally,
remarkable advances in the field of biomedicine have
impacted the entire spectrum of healthcare and medicine.
This has paved the way for further refining of the outcomes
of biomedical strategies toward early detection and treatment
of different diseases. Various nanomaterials (NMs)
have been dedicated to different biomedical applications
including drug delivery, vaccinations, imaging modalities,
and biosensors. However, toxicity is still the main factor
restricting their use. NMs recycled from different types of
wastes present a pioneering approach to not only avoid
hazardous effects on the environment, but to also implement
circular economy practices, which are crucial to
attain sustainable growth. Moreover, recycled NMs have
been utilized as a safe, yet revolutionary alternative with
outstanding potential for many biomedical applications.
This review focuses on waste recycled NMs, their synthesis,
properties, and their potential for multiple biomedical applications
with special emphasis on their role in the early
detection and control ofmultiple diseases. Their pivotal therapeutic
actions as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant
nanodrugs, and vaccines will also be outlined. The ongoing
advancements in the design of recycled NMs are expanding
their diagnostic and therapeutic roles for diverse biomedical
applications in the era of precision medicine. |
