The present work was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of three nanoparticles nano-malathion, organic nano-silica, inorganic nano-silica, and Nano-Jojoba oil were evaluated under laboratory conditions as stored product insecticide in comparison with conventional forms, by mixing with grains against two species of stored product insects the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Curculionidae, Coleoptera); and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera). Also, evaluate the effect of tested materials, residue in wheat on biochemical parameters and histological changes in different albino rat organs. Tests were performed in the stored product pests Laboratory at the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University.
The obtained results may be summarized as following:
1. Efficacy of the conventional malathion and it's formulated nano–malathion against Tribolium castaneum:
Conventional malathion: the mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 10 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 63.6% at all tested concentrations of malathion. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 97.6 to 55.4% at various tested concentrations of malathion.
Nano malathion: the mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 7 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 66.7% at all tested concentrations of nano malathion. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 97 to 71.5% at various tested concentrations of nano malathion.
2. Efficacy of conventional malathion and it's nano formulated malathion against Sitophilus oryzae:
Conventional malathion:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 12 hours from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 3.3% at all tested concentrations of malathion.
Nano malathion:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 12 hours from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 26.7% at all tested concentrations of nano malathion.
3. Efficacy of nano-silica against Tribolium castaneum:
Organic nano-silica:
The results concerning the toxic effects of organic nano silica on adult mortality and reduction in progeny of Tribolium castaneum, the mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 14 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 62.2, 23.3% at all tested concentrations of nano organic silica. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 92.9 to 65.01% at various tested concentrations nano organic silica.
Inorganic nano-silica:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 14 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 48.9% at all tested concentrations of nano inorganic silica. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 100 to 78.4% at various tested concentrations nano inorganic silica.
4. Efficacy of nano-silica against Sitophilus oryzae:
Organic nano silica:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 14 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 85.6, 32.2% at all tested concentrations of nano organic silica. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 94.09 to 76.01% at various tested concentrations nano organic silica.
Inorganic nano silica:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 14 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 46.7, 23.2% at all tested concentrations of nano inorganic silica. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 93.4 to 67.9% at various tested concentrations nano inorganic silica.
5. Efficacy of essential oil against Tribolium castaneum:
Jojoba oil:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 14 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 48.9, 13.3% at all tested concentrations of jojoba. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 69.9 to 35% at various tested concentrations of jojoba essential oil.
Nano jojoba oil:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 5 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 7.8% at all tested concentrations of nano jojoba. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 96.9to 34.9% at various tested concentrations of nano jojoba essential oil.
6. Efficacy of essential oil against Sitophilus oryzae:
Jojoba oil:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 10 days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 13.3% at all tested concentrations of jojoba. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 65.6 to 25.5% at various tested concentrations of jojoba essential oil.
Nano jojoba oil:
The mortality percentage was increased with increase of exposure times at all treated treatment. After 3days from the initial treatment, mortalities were between 100, 7.8% at all tested concentrations of nano jojoba. Reduction in the progeny ranged from 96.4 to 33.8% at various tested concentrations of nano jojoba essential oil.
7. Biosafety results:
7.1 Serum biochemical parameters:
The results of biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function upon 10 days after the exposure are showed The administration of jojoba, nano jojoba, malathion, nano malathion and nano silica caused severe hepato and reno-toxicity in the treated rats, as evidenced by the significant decrease of serum ALP levels, while was compared to control animals.as well as, on CREAT level which was significantly increase for jojoba and nano jojoba while, it was significantly decrease for nano silica. And non-significantly for malathion and nano malathion. But on ALT was significantly increase for all treatments.
After 20 days the results significant decrease of serum ALP levels for nano jojoba and malathion. While, it was significantly increase for jojoba, nano malathion and nano silica while was compared to control animals.as well as, on CREAT level which was significantly increase for nano malathion while, it was significantly decrease for jojoba, nano jojoba and nano silica. And non-significantly for malathion. But on ALT was significantly increase for all treatments. While, after 30 days significant decreases (P |
