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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), © IAEME 45 EFFECT OF PIPE INCLINATION ON THE PIPE FLOW HEAD LOSSES FOR DIFFERENT SAND CONCENTRATIONS Mahmoud Ali Refaey Eltoukhy Faculty of Engineering, Shobra, Banha University, Egypt ABSTRACT This paper presents results of an experimental study pertaining to the behavior of sand-water (two-phase) flows in inclined pipes, a phenomenon that is generally witnessed at the canal intakes which aligned at desert area, and dredging processes. The experiments were conducted in a modern hydraulics laboratory to study the effect of sand concentration and pipe inclination on the pipe flow head losses. The pipe inclination angle was varied from 0° to 90° in upward and downward directions and the sand concentration in water was regulated up to 15% by volume. It was concluded that the head losses of the downward sloping pipe flow are always lower than the head losses of the horizontal flow and these are always lower than the head losses of the upward sloping pipe flow, regardless of the concentration and inclination angle. The experiment results were analyzed in the light of earlier published data and useful empirical correlations have been developed to determine the head losses of horizontal flow, alongwith upward and downward sloping pipe flows. Keywords: head loss, sand - water mixture, inclined pipes, sand concentration INTRODUCTION Most of the applications of hydraulic transport in the past have been in the minerals industries. Generally, such industrial facilities are located in remote areas with insufficient road or rail infrastructure. Therefore, pipeline transport has been preferred and recognized as the most cost effective method of transporting huge quantities of minerals over long distances, across difficult terrain. The solid particles invariably being heavier than the conveying liquid are transported in lower part of the channel. This unique pattern has been a subject of special study and is presented in this paper. The effect of flow velocity, sand concentration and the sloping pipe inclination angle on the head loss were investigated. The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) |
