The Nile Delta is the backbone of agriculture in Egypt and undergoes land degradation, thus predicting land performance is of great concern. Chemical and physical processes and risks of degradation were evaluated for 887.09 km2 (88709 ha) in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, along the eastern bank of the Nile River (Rosetta branch). The revised Storie index and the Applied System for Land Evaluation (ASLE) were used to calculate land productivity index (LPI) and land capability index (LCI), respectively. Twenty soil profiles were dug to a depth of 150 cm. The multiple linear regression (MLR) was operated to predict LPI and LCI based on land degradation factors (LDF) including EC, ESP, bulk density, depth, slope, silt, and clay. Based on Landsat 8 satellite imagery and digital elevation model (DEM), the main landforms include levee, overflow mantle, recent terraces, middle terraces and old terraces. The area was affected by slight to moderate salinity hazards, slight to severe sodicity hazards, and moderate to extreme compaction hazards due to Mediterranean seawater intrusion besides mismanagement practices. The area was affected by low chemical degradation risks, but moderate to very high physical risks. The LP ranged from good to poor, while LC was good to fair. The MLR models showed high accuracy when predicting LPI and LCI based on EC, ESP, bulk density, silt, and clay. The models would be effective to verify the impacts of LDF on land's agricultural potential. |
