Ticks are blood- feeding ectoparasites transmitting many dangerous pathogens to humans and animals, leading to
great economic losses. Emerging acaricide resistance has urged the use of eco-friendly acaricides. The novel In
vitro application of the aqueous extracts of myrrh, Commiphora molmol (AME) and ginger, Zingiber officinale
(AGE) and their corresponding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), synthesized by subjecting myrrh and ginger extracts
to laser ablation (NME and NGE, respectively), was evaluated against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii by
adult immersion bioassays. Moreover, spot- on treatments of infested cattle was done. AgNPs were characterized
by Transmission Electron Microscopy and UV–visible spectrophotometry. The phytochemical profile showed that
the used extracts contained phenols, gallic acid, flavonoids, and tannins. Fifteen days post- treatment (PT), 96
and 84.01% mortalities were observed PT with AME and AGE, respectively; 100% mortality was reached 7 and 9
days PT with 12% of NME and NGE, respectively. Three days PT, the LC
values of AME, AGE, NME, and NGE
were 10.37, 12.81, 2.38, and 4.12%, respectively. The corresponding LT
50
values PT with 4% were 5.6 and 6.73,
2.25, and 3.56 days, respectively. Three days PT, AME, AGE, NME, and NGE reduced cattle- tick infestations by
54.45, 45.73, 100, and 100%, respectively. Ticks showed resistance against Deltamethrin (Butox®). This study
demonstrated the novel acaricidal effect of myrrh and ginger and their silver nanoformulations through laser
ablation, which increased the speed and efficacy of the aqueous extracts against H. dromedarii. Consequently,
they could be produced as efficient eco-friendly pesticides after revealing their ecotoxocological profile. |
