THE RISE of antimicrobial drug resistance due to biofilms and improper use of conventional drugs poses a major concern in medicinal fields. This work evaluates the antibiofilm and antiviral potential of leaf extracts from Moringa oleifera and Rosemarinus officinalis (Rosemary). Three different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg/ml) of M. oleifera leaves aqueous extract were investigated for their inhibitory potential on initial cell attachment of Staphylococcus aureus cells to the microtiter plate well surface. The concentration (60 mg/ml) resulted in 28.57% inhibition of biofilm formation as compared to 4.96% inhibition in the presence of 20 mg/ml of the same extract. In contrast,S. aureus was more susceptible to rosemary methanol extract with 41.30% inhibition using 10 mg/ml of the extract. Moreover, at non cytotoxic concentration, the inhibitory effect of M. oleifera and rosemary extracts have been separately evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The results indicated that 200 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml for M. oleifera and rosemary extracts, respectively, were considerably safe for Vero cells as cell survival was above 90%. In addition, the percentage of inhibition was 43.2 and 21.4% for HSV-1and HSV-2, respectively by M. oleifera extract while rosemary caused 18.9% inhibition for HSV-1 and no inhibitory activity against HSV-2 was observed.Thus, results uncovered inhibitory potential of M. oleifera and rosemary leaf extracts on initial attachment of S. aureus to surfaces towards biofilm formation. In addition, M. oleifera extract was more effective than rosemary as antiviral agent against herpes simplex viruses. |
