Isolation trails from grain samples of five yellow com hybrids collected from different Egyptian governorates verified the occurrence of large number of mold fungi associated the grains of these com hybrids. The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. clavatus, A. candidus, A. ochraceus, Aspergillus sp., A. versicolor, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Humicola sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium sp., as well as some unknown fungi. Among these surveyed governorates, the highest frequency of isolated mold fungi was recorded in Elmenya followed by Sharkiya governorate samples. Meanwhile, the least frequency of isolated mold fungi was recorded on surveyed yellow com samples of Assuite and Qena govemorates. On the other hand, the associated mold fungi were varied in their frequency on harvested grains of the five tested yellow com hybrids i.e., SX-3062, SX-SHAMS, SX-3080, 3WC-352 and SX-30N11 from govemorate to another where the occurrence of these mold fungi of the same hybrid was affected by the source of grain samples collection. It is clear also that occurrence of Aspergillus group was prevalent on tested yellow com grains than the Fusarium group and other isolated fungi in all surveyed govemorates. No one of Fusarium group was detected on collected yellow com grain samples of Assuite govemorate. Meanwhile, F. moniliforme didnot detect in all tested grain samples of Qena govemorate. All collected grain samples of the five tested yellow com hybrids from Elmenya govemorate were found to be contaminated with considerable quantities of aflatoxins. The highest amount of aflatoxins was recorded in grain
samples of 3WC-352 collected from Elmenya govemorate followed by SX-SHAMS (Elmenya) and SX-3080 (Giza). On the other hand, Aspergillus flavus was able to produce aflatoxins Bl, B2, G1 and G2 in vitro where the quantities of aflatoxin Bl is higher than B2 meanwhile, G2 was higher than G1. Also, Aspergillus ochraceus was able to produce high amount of ochratoxin. Also, Fusarium moniliforme produce high quantity of zearalenone mycotoxin. |
