Dr. Omar Ibrahim Ghonemy :: Publications:

البحث رقم 1 J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool. Vol. 32 © Histology &Histochemistry 33-44, Marsh 2000 TOLERANCE OF OREOCHROMIS AUREUS (L.) FINGERLINGS TO VARIOUS LEVELS OF SALINITY Omar I. Ghonemy Zool. Dept., Fac. Sci., Zagazig University. Benha Branch Key words: Salinity tolerance, gills, kidneys, weight gain and specific growth rates ABSTRACT Gills and kidneys alterations of Oreochromis aureus (L.) fingerlings induced by variations of salinity tolerance (5, 10 and 20 ‰) for about 105 days were documented in this study. The fish reared at low salinity concentrations showed gills with epithelial cellular hyperplasia and no changes in the kidneys. Meanwhile, fish held in high salinity concentrations showed congestion of the basal lacunae of the respiratory lamellae. Telangiectatic lamellae were also observed. In addition, the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney showed marked degeneration and appeared as if they were ghosts of tubules. Generally, glomerular swelling, congestion, degeneration and reduced volume of hemopoietic tissues were associated with increasing the salt concentration. The results also revealed that, body weight gain and the specific growth rate were increased until 60 days and decreased by 75 days. In conclusion, the growth rate of O. aureus (L.) increased by increasing the salinity degree up to 20 ‰ and this species can successfully be acclimatized to sea water with gradual continuous acclimatization period of 60 days. In addition, the salinity- induced alterations in gills and kidneys seem to reflect physiological adaptation to the new environment. ____________________________________________________________________ البحث رقم 2 Egypt. J. Zool., 35: 57-73. (December, 2000) STUDIES ON INDUCED SPAWNING OF TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (L.) Omar I. Ghonemy, Sabry S. El-Serafy, Nassr H. Abd El-Hamid Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Benha branch ABSTRACT Effect of injection of Oreochromis niloticus (L.) with piscine pituitary extract (PE) of carp and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) at two different temperatures (25 and 28° C) was studied. The results revealed that the rise of water temperature enhances the maturation process. Using PE at 28° C lead to the appearance of a high percentages (66.67 %) of ripe females after 20 days, while injection of HCG at the same temperature accelerated the rate of maturity stages and high percentage of stage IV appeared after 40 days. Ova size has been increased reaching ripeness after 20 and 40 days following injection with PE and HCG. The final maturation stage included nuclear migration from central to peripheral position in the oocyte. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female fish increased progressively after hormone treatment at higher temperatures. It is obvious that the HCG injection gave better results than PE. In addition, enzymes of the ovary (Aspartate and Alanine aminotransferases - AST and ALT) were also investigated in relation to ovarian development, at two different temperatures (i.e. 25° C and 28° C). البحث رقم 3 Life Science Journal, 2011; 8(4) http://www.life science site.com Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Adrenal Cortical Tumors of Egyptian Patients 1Samia, M. Sanad, 2Mahmoud, A. El-Baz, 3Omar, I. Ghonemy and Hassan, 4F. Abo El-Nazar 1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt 2Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt 3Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt 4Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt egypt_sbes@hotmail.com Abstract: The present study provides guidelines for the diagnosis of adrenal cortical tumors in Egyptian patients. This retrospective study included 40 patients of adrenal cortical tumors (28 adenoma and 12 carcinoma). They were admitted to Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center between 1985-2002. All patients were surgically treated by adrenalectomy. Patients with adenoma were followed for a period ranging from 24-67 months. Clinical and laboratory improvement of adenoma was observed. Nine patients of carcinoma died of distant metastasis after 8 months and the other 3 patients were still alive 24 months after surgery. Hyaline globules which are PAS positive were detected in adrenal cortical adenoma and carcinoma and both types were positive for reticulin stain. Immunohistochemically; cytokeratin was expressed in 22/28 cases of adenoma and all cases 12/12 of carcinoma. Vimentin was expressed in 20/23 cases of adenoma and 8/12 cases of carcinoma. The present study concluded that: (1)- Reticulin staining is useful for the diagnostic differentiation of adrenal cortical carcinoma from adrenal cortical adenoma. (2)- The expression of cytokeratin and vimentin is helpful in diagnosis, but the histopathological examination of paraffin sections remains the basic method. (3)- No significant correlation between immunohistochemical pattern of adrenocortical tumors and survival was observed. [Samia, M. Sanad, Mahmoud, A. El-Baz, Omar, I. Ghonemy and Hassan, F. Abo El-Nazar Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Adrenal Cortical Tumors of Egyptian Patients] Life Science Journal 2011; 8(4):970-978]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 124 Key words: Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Adrenal cortical tumors, Cytokeratin, Vimentin __________________________________________________________________ البحث رقم 4 Life Science Journal, 2011; 8(4) http://www.life science site.com Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Adrenal Medullary Tumors in Egyptian Patients 1Samia, M. Sanad, 2Mahmoud, A. El-Baz, 3Omar, I. Ghonemy and Hassan, 4F. Abo El-Nazar 1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt 2Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt 3Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt 4Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt egypt_sbes@hotmail.com Abstract: The present study provides guide lines for the diagnosis of adrenal medullary tumors in Egyptian patients. This retrospective study included, 73 cases of adrenal medullary tumors (39 pheochromocytoma, 13 neuroblastoma, 12 ganglioneuroblastoma and 9 ganglioneuroma) admitted to Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Egypt.. All tumors were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. In pheochromocytomas, 33 patients became normal after 24 hours, the other 6 died from distant metastases. 6 patients with neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma were still living after adrenalectomy, while the other 19 patients received chemotherapy and were non-living after 24 months. Nine patients with ganglioneuroma were still living after adrenalectomy. All prepared slides were stained with periodic-acid Schiff’ reaction (PAS) and reticulin stains. Hyaline globules which were (PAS) positive were pheochromocytomas, while, they were not detected in neuroblastoma groups. All tumors were positive for reticulin stain. All cases of adrenal medulalry tumors were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against chromogranin A, S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase . Chromogranin A was expressed in all cases (39/39) pheochromocytoma, 5/13 neuroblastoma, 7/12 ganglioneuroblastoma and 7/9 ganglioneuroma. S-100 protein was expressed in 32/39 pheochromocytoma, 9/13 neuroblastomas, and all cases of ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Neuron-specific enolase was expressed in all cases of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. The neuroendocrine tumors were stained with high specificity and sensetivity for the neuroendocrine markers; chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase. Histomorphological features of benign and malignant pheochromocytomas may be similar. Neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase) are useful in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Frequency of S- 100 protein positive sustentacular cells is high in benign pheochromocytomas and low in malignant pheochromocytoma (our results suggest that, S-100 immunostaining is a useful marker to predict malignant behavior in pheochromocytoma. Intensity of neuron-specific enolase may be similar in both benign and malignant pheochromocytoma). No significant correlation was observed between expression of chromogranin A and neuronspecific enolase in pheochromocytoma and survival. The features of histopathological changes are the most important basis to make diagnosis for neuroblastomas group. Immunohistochemical staining can verify it further and play an important role in its differential diagnosis. Samia, M. Sanad, Mahmoud, A. El-Baz, Omar, I. Ghonemy and Hassan, F. Abo El-Nazar Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Adrenal Medullary Tumors in Egyptian Patients. Key words: Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Adrenal medullary tumors, Chromogranin A, Neuron specific enolase, S-100 protein البحث رقم 5 البحث رقم 6 J. Biol. Pham. Sci. Vol. 6, No. 1: 115-136. July, 2008 THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SILYMARIN ON THE LIVER OF GAMMA-IRRADIATED RATS (A HISTOCHEMICAL AND QUALITATIVE STUDY) Samir A. Nassar, Omar I. Ghonemy, Sabry S. El-Serafy, Hamid M. Roushdy and Amr M. Abd El-Hady Dept. Zool., Faculty of Science, Zagazig and Benha University, National centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egypt ABSTRACT Silymarin, a flavonoid and widely used drug and supplement for various liver disorders. Liver disorder is one of the most common lesions which have been recirde after whole-body gamma irradiation of experimental animals. Considering the anti-hepatotoxic activity of silymarin, together with its strong antooxidative and radioprotective efficacy, the objective of this study was planned to detect to what extent silymarin can ameliorate the radiation-induced toxicity of the hepatic tissue at the histochemical level. Forty adult male albino rats have been used for this study and classified equally into 4 groups; normal rats, gamma-irradiated (5Gy) rats, silymarin administrated and gamma- irradiated rats, control rats (treated with silymarin only). Silymarin was administered by oral gavages, at a dose of 70 mg/Kg, one hour before irradiation. Liver sections were prepared from each group and stained with PAS reaction for carbohydrates, mercury bromophenol blue (MBB) for total protein and Feulgen reaction for DNA. These histochemical sections of control liver and treated animals were subjected to the image analysis for the quantitative measurements of the optical density (OD) of the previously mentioned histochemical components. The histochemical examination and the quantitative measurements of the liver sections of gamma-irradiated rats resulted in many histochemical alterations such as an obvious loss of the total carbohydrate content, an increase and accumulation of protein as an indicator for protein degradation and marked decrease in the DNA content. These alterations were more prominent on the first and third days post irradiation. Silymarin treatment prior to irradiation succeeded to minimize the loss of the carbohydrate materials, increase the hepatocyte protein synthesis, protect against radiation induced suppression of hepatic DNA and support the liver tissue in the process of recovery, repair and restoration of the normal picture of the previous histochemical components. These results suggest and confirm the prophylactic and radioprotective role of silymarin for the histochemical pattern of the hepatic tissue against radiation-induced toxicity. Quantification of the histochemical sections supported the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. Keywords: Liver- rat- gamma irradiation- silymarin- carbohydrate- protein- nucleic acids. البحث رقم 7 MENUFIYA VET. J. VOL. 3 NO. 2, (475-487) APRIL 2004 CHARACTERIZATION OF FASCIOLA HEPATICA AND FASIOLA GIGANTICA BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES DIGESTION OF THE NUCLEAR SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE Mohamed H. Awwad, Gazaa H. Morsy and Omar I. Ghonemy Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Benha branch SUMMARY Fasioliasis is one of the familiar veterinary and human health problems, with reported cases in Egypt. A simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction / restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLPs) assay, using the common restriction endonucleases Aval, EcoRl, Eael, Sacll and Avall, is described to differentiate between both Fasciolid species. The five restriction endonucleases have been used to differentiate between the two species and based on – 1950 bp long sequence of the (18S) nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Aval and EcoRI restriction endonucleases did not differentiate between the Fasciola isolates when each restriction enzyme gave the same restriction patterns with both species. F. hepatica and F. gigantica were well-differentiated when their small subunit ribosomal DNA were digested with Eael and Sacll restriction endonucleases. Avall restriction enzyme could be used as a genetic marker for F. hepatica when the enzyme uniquely fragmented the SrRNA gene into two bands without digesting the gene of F. gigantica. ____________________________________________________________________ البحث رقم 8 Benha Vet. Med. J. Vol. 8 (2) Dec. 1997:134-146 IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NATIVE BROILER"S CHICKENS TREATED WITH THE ANTIMYCOPLASMAL DRUG TIAMULIN (TIAMUTIN) AND VACCINATED WITHINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINES Helal, A.D.*, El-Azzawy, M.H.S.**, El-Dieb, M.M.K.**, and Ghonemy, O. I.*** The antimycoplasmal drug tiamulin was administered to groups of native broiler chickens by therapeutic dose, then above, for three successive days in drinking water. The chickens were vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) and with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines. Total protein, electrophoresis fractionation of serum proteins and Histopathological investigation were achieved directly after four days of tiamulin treatment and after a week from last dose. The specific antibody titers against IBD and ND vaccines were determined only at the 2nd period. Results indicated that, in most cases, the therapeutic doses (556 mg. tiamulin / liter) causes hyper-protienemia, hyper-albuminemia and hyper (alpha, beta and gamma) globulinemia at both periods than control. While, in most cases, which received the higher dose level (2224 mg. /L.), causes significant decrease of the above parameters at both periods than controls. The bursa fabricius revealed a slight inflammatory cell infiltration (at 1st period by 1112 mg/L.) and hemorrhages in chickens dosed by the higher dose (at the 2nd period) than in vaccinated non-treated ones. Microscopically, the thymus showed slight hemorrhages by the higher by the higher dose at the second period. There were no significant variations of the specific antibody titers between tiamulin treated chickens and vaccinated control ones against both IBD and ND vaccines. Based on this results, it could be concluded that tiamulin (by all doses) is not an immunosuppressive for IBD and ND vaccines, but in contrast, the therapeutic dose level showed a slight immuno-stimulant due to induction of a hyper gamma globulinemia in the 2nd period. ___________________________________________________ *Animal Health Research Institute (Benha Branch). ** Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig Branch). *** Faculty of Science (Zagazig University, Benha Branch).