Introduction :
The reader of the historical development of human Knowledge; Finds that Psychologist have achieved great advance, in the study of various types of Intelligences such as the Objective or Impersonal Intelligence, which is related by the physical self of person that it deals with neutral information which belongs to external concrete world , They have also studied Social Intelligence which has received greater part of research and study .Its essence is the Social self. This leaves room for an important aspect which should have represented the right beginning of studying mental abilities by which we mean the inner self . In its essence, It includes our personal world, self experiences, evaluation of our motives, abilities, values, beliefs, ideas, opinions and our Ideals. Thus , they are regarded the aspect which is the most stable and steady ( Abou-Hatab , 2002 : 1-2).
This aspect is termed by Fouad Abou-Hatab(1988) the Personal Intelligence, It is one of the seven Types of Intelligences included in the recognition informational model and it extends between sensual Intelligence and Social one. This seven Categorization has remained until (1983), Then Abou-Hatab took in his research a great step for world since he has used the category which remained with him through the next years and up till now. This divides Intelligence into the following three types:
1. Impersonal or Objective Intelligence .
2. Interpersonal or Social Intelligence .
3. Interpersonal or personal Intelligence.
From that time, Personal Intelligence has a real and open existence in scientific researches. More over, Abou-Hatab (1991) presents a research program in Personal Intelligence, in which he discusses a group of research issues among them determining the nature of Personal Intelligence according to the suggested model, as well as , determining the structure of this type of Intelligence in order to be sure of its independence on other types of intelligences.
The present study is in accordance with the strutucture of the research project set up by Abou-Hatab (1991) of handling The Concept of Personal Intelligence and determining its particular Characteristics of the Three Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) .This is The light of The Personal Intelligence Model as asecondery Model of the Recognatition Informational Model of Abou-Hatab, in the Frame wok of Pesonal Information level as one of the Model Independent Variables.
The Study Problem :
According to The Previouse Information, We can Identify The Study Problem in the Following Questions :
1. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in Preciseness of Pefomance in Encoding Task? .
2. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in Preciseness of Pefomance in Recalling Task? .
3. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in Short Term Storage Capacity?.
4. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in the degree of Extreme Response?.
5. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in their use of Encoding Strategies? .
6. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in their use of Recalling Strategies?.
7. Do Studient of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) differ in the type of extreme Response?.
The Study Objectives :
The Present Study aims of the Following :
1. Recognizing the different Memoy Strategies ( Encoding – Recalling Strategies) which are used by the students of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ).
2. Recognizing the Storage Capacity among the students of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ).
3. Recognizing the extend of Extreme / Moderation Response among the students of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality –Over abundance –Excess ) and Type of Extreme ( Postive or Negative ) if it is Found.
The Study Impotance:
The Study Importance is as Follows :
1. Throwing more light on the Personal Intelligence Concept according to Abou-Hatab Concept, In terms of , Its Nature and Measuring it by handing that Concept from two aspects : one is Recognative represented in Memory Strategies and the other is Personal presented in Extreme Response.
2. The Conclusions of the study could be applied to Enroot the concept of Personal Intelligence and applying them in the field of Scientific Research.
The Study Hypotheses:
The First Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in the Precisenes of Performance in Encoding Task.
The Second Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in the Precisenes of Performance in Recalling Task.
The Third Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in the short term Storage Capacity.
The Fourth Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in the degree of Extreme Response.
The Fifth Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in their use of different Encoding Strategies.
The Sixth Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in their use of different Recalling Strategies.
The Seventh Hypothesis :-
There are no Significant Statistical difference between the Students Scores of the different Categories of Personal Intelligence (Identicality – Over abundance – Excess ) in type of Extreme Response.
The Study Sample :
The Sample includes Male and Famele Students of the Fourth gade at Faculty of Education, Benha University, whose final number amounts of (440) male and famele, They were divided into Three Categories of Personal Intelligence: Identicality ( 79 ), Over abundance (251) and Excess (110).
The Study Instruments :
The Present Study depends on the use of the following Instruments :-
- Questionnaire of the interviewed ability of memorizing.
- Agoup of Experimental Tasks of Verbal Nature.
- Mostafa Suwaf Scale of “ Friendship – Pesonality “.
Statistical Methods :
To achieve the aim Sought by Study, The Final Results are attaind by the use of the Following Statistical Methods:-
- Analysis of Variance From One Tail, ANOVA, in order to Findout The Nature of differences among The Three Categories of Personal Intelligence in The Preiseness of Peformance in Two Tasks of Encoding , Rcalling and degree of Extreme Response.
- Scheffe Test with the aim of determining direction , Significance of differences among The Three Categories of Personal Intelligence in The Preiseness of Peformance in Two Tasks of Encoding , Rcalling and degree of Extreme Response.
- Zai Test to determine Significance of differences among each Two Categories of Personal Intelligence in The use of each Stategy of (Encoding and Rcalling) Stategies and determining Significance of differences of each type of Extreme Response.
The Study Results:
The Present Study resached agroup of The Following Conclusions:-
- There are Significant Statistical difference at the level (0.01) among the Students of different Categories of Personal Intelligence in the Preiseness of Encoding in the Favour of The Identical Category Followed by Over abundance Students and Then by Excess Students.
- There are Significant Statstical difference at the level (0.01) among the Students of different Categories of Personal Intelligence in the Preiseness of Recalling Encoding in the Favour of The Identical Category Followed by Over abundance Students and Then by Excess Students.
- There are Significant Statistical difference at the level (0.01) among the Students of different Categories of Personal Intelligence in the Storage Capacity in the Favour of The Identical Category Followed by Over abundance Students and Then by Excess Students.
- There are Significant Statistical difference among the Students of different of Categories of Personal Intelligence in using of Encoding Stategies Since Students of Identical Categoy tend to use These Strategies ( Imagination , Oganization , The story , Loci) in order to Encode Information While Students of Over abundance Students Category use These Strategies ( Key word, Acroname) But Excess Student Categoy tend to use These Strategies ( Key word, Rehearsal ).
- There are Significant Statistical difference among the Students of different of Categories of Personal Intelligence in using of Recalling Stategies Since Students of Identical Categoy tend to use These Strategies ( Slow Research , Organizing Selective Research) While Students of Over abundance Students Category use Sequent Research Strategy But Excess Student Categoy tend to use Guessing Strategy.
- There are Significant Statistical difference among the Students of different of Categories of Personal Intelligence in type of Extreme Response Since Students of Identical Categoy tend to Modeation Response While Students of Over abundance Students Category tend to Postive-Extreme Response But Excess Student Categoy tend to Negative-Extreme Response.
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