Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common hepatic malignancy and the thirdmost common cause of cancer death in human beings, its incidence is increasing in Egypt.Aim ofthe work: to elucidate the relationship between the prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients who underwent hepatic resection or primary transplantation andclinicopathological factors including endoglin , beta catenin, KI67 immunohistochemical studyin these patients aiming to Predict tumor recurrence to choose optimal treatments. Material andmethod: The present work evolved 41 cases with HCC. In addition, nine controls with normalliver were studied. In this retrospective study beta-catenin expression as well as mean ki67 count/nucleus as a proliferation marker and also mean vascular density by endoglin antibody wasdetected in HCC and correlated with different clinicopathological variants. Result: The presentwork reported high MIB-1 index in HCC in comparison to normal hepatic tissue, as a cellproliferation marker was found to be positively associated with total tumor volume, advancedstage, surgical margin involvement by tumor and grade. The mean vascular density (MVD) waspositively correlated to total tumor volume, tumor multiplicity, tumor stage, histological pattern,grade, presence of vascular invasion and surgical margin involvement. Hepatic tissue expressionof beta-catenin at the protein level was different in HCC tissue in relation to the normal livertissue (membranous in normal liver tissue but week membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear in HCCi.e. leave the normal site –membranous- to accumulate in cytoplasm and nucleus)
AbnormalBeta-catenin expression was significantly related to, increase in total tumor volume, advancedclinical stage and poor cellular differentiation and presence of tumor vascular invasion. There wasa significant relationship detected between the expression of beta-catenin protein, and mean MIB-1index, MVD in HCC. There were many factors that were found to be significantly correlated totumor recurrence including total tumor volume, tumor multiplicity, tumor stage, histopathologicalpattern, vascular invasion, involvement of surgical margin by the tumor, KI67 labeling index,MVD, and beta-catenin expression. In conclusion, increased KI67 labeling index, MVD andincreased altered beta-catenin expression may play a great role in hepatocarcinogenesis andsuggested to be significant predictors of aggressive tumor behavior.
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