Aerobic and anaerobic energy production during exercise represent various ratios in trainings and competitions, however, the anaerobic metabolism is the dominant during the final phases of competition in many sports. The development of peak anaerobic power depends also on the training program and the genetic characteristics of the athletes. Simoneau and co-workers (1986), Malina and Bouchard (1991), and Bouchard (1997) have stressed the various adaptive physiological responses for anaerobic training are the consequences of the genetically determined responsibility of the athlete.
The aim of the investigation was to describe and analyses the effects of 3 months training period on the development of anaerobic performance characterized by the differences in the increase of blood lactate concentration during incremental laboratory exercise in the function of changes in body composition.
Standard anthropometric (Conrad 1963, Heath and Carter 1967, Parízková 1961, Drinkwater and Ross 1980) and exercise physiological procedures were used in 17 qualified male Egyptian sprinters (as study group) and university students (control group). Between October and December of 2000 three data collections were made.
Significant increase were found between the successive means of body weight, relative and absolute muscle masses, however, the relative body fat content has de-creased markedly during the observation period in the group of qualified Egyptian sprinters. These changes were evaluated as one of the consequences of regular trainings.
The regular and dominantly anaerobic training has increased the individual and mean anaerobic performances in the study group, however, this increase was more or less moderate. The most important training effect is, that the clearly linear increase in blood lactate concentration has changed during the observation period, and a significant second power (exponential) curve was characteristic in the increase of lactate before the competition. The slight increase of anaerobic performance resulted by the non specific anaerobic physical activity in the group of university students cannot be neglected at sub-maximum exercise intensities, nevertheless, it has not marked exercise physiological effect on maximum anaerobic performance.
The increase in hemoconcentration and consequently the relative decrease in plasma volume were significant in both groups as one of the consequences of acute physical exercise. These responses were significantly smaller in the group of well trained athletes. Comparing our results to the published ratios (Collins et al. 1986, Mészáros et al. 1995, Ng et al. 1996), significantly smaller relative plasma volume decrease charac-terises our sprinters, than that of the endurance athletes.
Unfortunately no published observation can be found for the respective effects of anaerobic training.
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