Identifying ecologically fragile areas by assessing ecosystem vulnerability is an essential task in
environmental conservation and management. Benin is considered a vulnerable area, and its coastal
zone, which is subject to erosion and flooding effects, is particularly vulnerable. This study assessed
terrestrial ecosystems in Benin by establishing a hybrid ecological vulnerability index (EVI) for 2016
that combined a composite model based on principal component analysis (PCA) with an additive
model based on exposure, sensitivity and adaptation. Using inverse distance weighted (IDW)
interpolation, point data were spatially distributed by their geographic significance. The results
revealed that the composite system identified more stable and vulnerable areas than the additive
system; the two systems identified 48,600 km 2 and 36,450 km 2 of stable areas, respectively, for a
difference of 12,150 km 2 , and 3,729 km 2 and 3,007 km 2 of vulnerable areas, for a difference of 722 km 2 .
Using Moran’s I and automatic linear modeling, we improved the accuracy of the established systems.
In the composite system, increases of 11,669 km 2 in the potentially vulnerable area and 1,083 km 2
in the highly vulnerable area were noted in addition to a decrease of 4331 km 2 in the potential area;
while in the additive system, an increase of 3,970 km 2 in the highly vulnerable area was observed.
Finally, southern Benin was identified as vulnerable in the composite system, and both northern
and southern Benin were identified as vulnerable in the additive system. However, regardless of the
system, Littoral Province in southern Benin, was consistently identified as vulnerable, while Donga
Province was stable. |
