A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the oil contents and its fatty acids, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds in seed and callus induced from tissue culture of two rocket genotypes. The influence of genotype explants type and growth regulators type and concentrations on callus induction was investigated.
Results strongly showed that there were significant differences between two rocket genotypes. The highest values of all parameters were obtained from Coltivata genotype. Callus was induced from two explants type on MS medium containing different combinations of 2,4-D and Kinetin as well as NAA and BA. Growth of the callus of cotyledon explants was more vigorous than that formed from explants of stem segments. Media containing NAA in combination with BA stimulated the formation of green compact calli while soft, friable, yellow calli were formed on media containing 2,4-D and kinetin.
The fatty acids profile analysis revealed that both essential and non essential fatty acids were present in the oil of different samples of this study. Green callus oil had the highest amount of Erucic acid (C22) followed by seed oils and yellow callus of Coltivata and Balady genotypes, respectively. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the second fraction found in the green callus oil, while Linolenic acid (C18:3) was the second fraction of yellow callus oil as well as seed oil of the two rocket genotypes. Coltivata genotype had the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content in green and yellow callus induced from tissue culture as well as in seed with exception of seed of Balady genotype had relatively phenolic compounds higher than seed of Coltivata genotype.
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