Potential Of Using Origanum Vulagar And Zengiber Officinal Extract As Treatment To Freshwater Fishes From Bacterial Diseases:

Doaa Ahmed El-araby Mohammed

(1) This experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of ethanol-extracted from the medicinal plant, Origanium vulgare as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Fish (Average 12.33 g) were randomly distributed into four treatments; three replicates each at a rate of 15 fish per 140– L aquarium. Fish were fed one of the tested diets containing similar crude protein (30%) and gross energy (4.40 kcal / g), in addition to 0.0, 0.5 %, 1.0% or 1.5 % Origanium vulgare extract.(2) Diets were given twice daily at a rate of 3 % of live body weight, for six days a week during 10 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas flourscence, which was separately injected by intraperitoneal (I/P) injection and they were kept under observation for 10 days to follow up any abnormal clinical signs and the daily mortality rate.(3) The growth–promoting influence of Origanium vulgare extract was observed on fish. The maximum growth was observed at 0.5 % Origanium vulgare extract as compared to the control.(4) No significant differences in fish survival were reported among the experienced treatments at (P>0.05), falling within the range of 93.3 – 100%. The control fish consumed less diet and gave a higher FCR, while fish fed diet containing 0.5 % Origanium vulgare extract demonsrated the highest protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent protein utilization (APU), and energy utilization (EU).(5) The supplementation of Origanium vulgare extract had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the fish body composition (dry matter, crude protein, fat, and ash), mean which total protein, albumin, and globulin increased significantly (P<0.5) to the highest values at 0.5 % Origanium vulgare extract, as compared to the control. However, supplementation of Origanium vulgare extract did not significantly affect the albumin / globulin ratio (A/G).(6) This present study, showed that 0.5 % Origanium vulgare extract in Nile tilapia diets, increased the fish resistance to Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. flourscence, indicating the effective role of Origanium vulgare extract in disease prevention in tilapia culture.(7) The reduction in feed cost compared with control diet showed 12.52 % to produce one kg fish gain of treatment containing 0.5 % extracted Origanum vulgare levels.(8) Evaluation to the use of ethanol-extracted from the medicinal plant, Zingebare officinale as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Fish (Average 12.33 g) were randomly distributed into four treatments; three replicates each at a rate of 15 fish per 140– L aquarium.(9) Fish were fed one of the tested diets containing similar crude protein (30 %) and gross energy (4.40 kcal / g), with separate addition to 0.0, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, or 1.5 % Zingebare officinale extract. Diets were given twice daily at a rate of 3 % of live body weight, for six days a week during 10 weeks.(10) After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas flourscence, which was given by intraperitoneal (I/P) injection and they were kept under observation for 10 days to follow up any abnormal clinical signs and the daily mortality rate.(11) The growth–promoting influence of Zingebare officinale extract was observed on fish. The maximum growth was observed at 1 % Zingebare officinale extract as compared to the control. No significant differences in fish survival were reported among the experienced treatments at (P>0.05), falling within the range of 93.3 – 100%. The control fish consumed less diet and gave a higher FCR, while fish fed diet containing 1 % Zingebare officinale extract demonsrated the highest protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent protein utilization (APU), and energy utilization (EU).(12) Supplementation of Zingebare officinale extract had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the fish body composition (dry matter, crude protein, fat, and ash), mean which total protein, albumin, and globulin increased significantly (P<0.5) to the highest values at 1 % Zingebare officinale extract, as compared to the control.(13) However, supplementation of Zingebare officinale extract did not significantly affect the albumin / globulin ratio (A/G). This present study, showed that 1 % Zingebare officinale extract in Nile tilapia diets, increased the fish resistance to Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. flourscence, indicating the effective role of Zingebare officinale extract in disease prevention in tilapia culture.(14) The reduction in feed cost compared with control diet showed 11.09 % to produce one kg fish gain of treatment containing 1 % extracted Zingebare officinale levels.(15) A - Efficiency of Origanum vulgare ethanolic extract against the pathogenic Ps aurgonsia among Orechromis niloticus the intrapretonial inoculation (I/P) of 0.2 ml (4 x 106 cells /ml) of Ps aurgonsia caused mortality (90 %) among Orechromis niloticus, while the treated Orechromis niloticus with ethonalic extract (turbines) of Origanum vulgare had mortality (30%).(16) The other two groups did not show any mortalities or clinical sings. Origanum vulgare (natural antimicrobial agent equal to Chloramphenicol (chemical antibiotic).(17) Efficiency of Origanum vulgare ethanolic extract against the pathogenic Ps flourscence among Orechromis niloticus the intrapretonial inoculation (I/P) of (4 x106 cells /ml) 0.2 ml of Ps flourscence caused mortality (100 %) among Orechromis niloticus, while the treated Orechromis niloticus with ethonalic extract (turbines) of Origanum vulgare had mortality (40%).(18) The other two groups did not show any mortalities or clinical sings. Origanum vulgare (natural antibiotic) = Chloramphenicol (chemical antibiotic).(19) Efficiency of Zingebare officinale ethanolic extract against the pathogenic Ps aurgonsia among Orechromis niloticus the intrapretonial inoculation (I/P) of (4 x 106) cells /ml of Ps aurgonsia caused mortality (90 %) among Orechromis niloticus, while the treated Orechromis niloticus with ethonalic extract (turbines) of Zingebare officinale had mortality (40%).(20) Efficiency of Zingebare officinale ethanolic extract against the pathogenic Ps flourscence among Orechromis niloticus the intrapretonial inoculation (I/P) of (4 x 106) cells /ml of Ps flourscence caused mortality (100 %) among Orechromis niloticus, while the treated Orechromis niloticus with ethonalic extract (turbines) of Zingebare officinale had mortality (50%).(21) Morphometric studies has been carried out crystalgrophy Imge processing soft ware (C.I.S.) to apply this tool for numerically and Imge evaluation of the effect of prepared nutral product antibiotics.