In this paper, the nonsteady flow of non-Newtonian power-law conducting fluid through a porous medium past an infinite porous plate is investigated. The system is stressed by a constant transverse magnetic field. The velocity outside the boundary layer depends exponentially on time. The rheological effects are shown and discussed on the shear stress in terms of rheological parameter of power-law fluid. The approximate solution in a closed form were obtained by using the Galerkin method. Also the effect of the magnetic field and permeability parameter are discussed.

Pitting corrosion of an iron electrode in 0.1M NaHCO3 solutions containing increased additions of NaCl was studied. Low concentrations of Cl ions have no effect on the dissolution kinetics of the passivating film. Higher concentrations lead to the formation of visible pits. The pitting potential varied with Cl- ion concentration according to an S-shaped curve. Addition of the ethoxylated fatty amines (non-ionic surfactants) caused a shift of the pitting potential in the noble direction accounting for increased resistance to a pitting attack. This shift increased as the inhibitors concentration, as well as, the number of the oxyethylene units per inhibitor molecule was increased. This behaviour was attributed to a decrease of the interfacial tension which leads to an increase of the concentration of the inhibitor at the electrode surface.

This article presents an investigational overview for principles of biological information processing. That is fulfilled through analysis of some learning case examples for both neural and non-neural biological systems. Mainly, this work concerned with learning performance curves observed after some experimental work and mathematical simulation programming. Three learning case examples are considered, two of them belong to neural bio-systems. Both are associated to results of some animals psych-learning experiments Third case example belongs to non-neural bio-systems. That is ant colony system (ACS) leaning how to solve optimally minimum path problem to survive (food storage process). Mathematical formulation of (ACS) behavior is presented after computational biology of optimum solution for traveling sales-man problem. The deduced formula shown to be very similar to sigmoid activation function. That is used commonly in artificial neural network ANNs models. Biological information processing for all examples (and more other animal learning work) shown to obey commonly least mean square (LMS) error algorithm with variations of learning rate parameter. Finally, some interesting conclusive remarks, and interesting analogous features (for learning mechanisms) among examples are presented.

Central collisions of O-16 and Si-28 nuclei with heavy (AgBr) nuclei in nuclear emulsion at 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon are selected and investigated under several selecting criteria. Central cross sections and average number of interacting protons from both projectile acid target nuclei, multiplicity distributions of shower particles and dispersions are discussed in the framework of the Glauber model. The multiplicities of produced charged secondaries are studied according to the nucleon-nucleus superposition model. The multiplicity distributions and mean values of grey particles are also investigated via a parameter free model whose input information is the distribution of grey particles produced in proton induced reactions. It is shown that the selection criterion of central collisions based only on the small total charge of stripping particles is too weak. The selection criteria based on the high multiplicity of total secondary charged particles, the high degree of target destruction and the large number of interacting protons augmented by the small total charge of stripping particles provide satisfactory agreement with the theoretical calculations.

Powdered black pepper from Egyptian markets, was irradiated with different recommended doses of gamma rays (5.0 and 10.0 kGy) and with microwaves for different periods (20, 40 and 75 s) to improve its hygienic quality. The most common bacterial isolates were of three genera Bacillus, Clostridium and Micrococcus (7.5 x 10(6)), whereas the predominant fungi (7.8 x 10(4)) were Aspergillus species, A. glaucus, A. flavus, A. niger and A. ochraceus. Doses of gamma irradiation used (5.0 and 10 kGy) were sufficient to decrease spore-forming bacteria (SFB) and to inhibit the fungal flora and coliforms which contaminated the black pepper powder. Microwave treatments for 40 s and 75 s were of the same effectiveness whereas treatment for 20 s was less so. GLC analysis proved the presence of 31 peaks, only 19 compounds were identified as monoterpene hydrocarbons (56.21 %), the major one being beta-phellandrene and limonene. Sesquiterpenes were also present, mainly beta-caryollphyllene (3.69 %) as well as oxygenated compounds such as terpenol, geraniol, Me-chavicol, eugenol and anisol. Gamma irradiation at 5 kGy and 10 kGy respectively decreased the numbers of identified compounds from 21 (86.58 % concentration) in untreated pepper to 16 (59.22 % concentration), 15 (54.06 % concentration). In comparison, microwave treatments, particularly for 40 s and 75 s, increased the concentration of the same compounds. The results obtained indicate that microwave treatment, under these conditions, is a safe and suitable technique for decontamination of black pepper which does not result in a great loss of flavour compounds, as compared with recommended doses of gamma irradiation.

This is a preliminary study that examines prospective teachers' reflective thinking as it is exhibited in their action research during the teaching practice experience. Different systems of analyzing reflective thinking are reviewed and criticized for their suitability for analyzing written journals rather than other forms of expressing and developing reflection. An inventory for analyzing student teachers' reflective thinking during action research is constructed and validated (IRTAR). It is then used for analyzing action research reports of hundred prospective teachers. The results of the analysis are discussed within the context of teacher education programs in Egypt. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The notions of equi-integral and phi(0)-stability for systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were introduced and extended. The notions of equi-integral stability are extended to the so-called equi-integral phi(0)-stability of perturbed system of (ODEs). Our technique depends on cone-valued Liapunov function method. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.